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The first laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed by dr R.
Clayman in St. Louis USA in 1990 for a non cancerous kidney.
Since the laparoscopic nephrectomy is becoming a reference
in kidney surgery for begnin or malignant tumors.
Under general anesthesia, the retroperitoneal space is insufflated and a 10mm ....umbilicus.
Five trocars
are placed in the abdominal wound allowing an optimal vision
and manipulation of the kidney.
The optic
is voice telecommanded.
The kidney
is dissected above the colon and the renal artery and vein
are ligated and transsected.
The ureter
is clipped and the adrenal is removed when the tumor exposes
to a high risk of invasion or metastasis (exceptional).
At the end,
the kidney is entrapped in a special bag and extracted from
the abdomen through a small incision .
A small drain
is left in place for 1 or 2 days.
Conversion
rate in open surgery : 6% of cases (obese patients or very
big tumors) .
The cost of
surgery : 70.000 french francs (including fees, room, operating
room and intensive care unit, drugs, biological exams and
radios). It is a forfait independant of the number of hospitalisation
days.
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